Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment among school children in south-western Nigeria.
(2007)
Journal - International ophthalmology (Netherlands )
Abstract :
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and identify the causes of blindness and visual impairment in school children of Ilesa-East Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 1144 school children in primary and secondary schools were selected using a 2-stage random sampling method and examined to determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment. A total of 17 (1.48%) children were blind or visually impaired. These comprised of 11 (0.96%) children who were visually impaired and 4 (0.3%) who were severely visually impaired. Only 2 (0.15%) school children were blind. The causes of visual impairment were refractive error 10 (0.87%) and immature cataract 1 (0.08%), causes of severe visual impairment included corneal opacities 2 (0.2%), amblyopia leading to squint 1 (0.08%) and 1 cataract 1 (0.08%). The causes of blindness in school children were corneal scars presumed to be due to vitamin A deficiency 1 (0.08%) and keratoconus 1 (0.08%). Causes of blindness and visual impairment in children attending regular schools in Nigeria were treatable. Prevention, early recognition and prompt treatment of these diseases by regular screening of school children would definitely reduce unnecessary visual handicap in Nigerian school children so that they can attain their full potential in the course of their education. Also, information from this study is relevant for the purpose of planning eye care programmes for the prevention of blindness in Nigerian school children. This will go a long way in the prevention of unnecessary blindness and visual impairment in school children.
| ISSN : | 0165-5701 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adolescent Adult Amblyopia Blindness Cataract Child Child, Preschool Corneal Opacity Disability Evaluation Female Humans Male Nigeria Prevalence Refractive Errors Severity of Illness Index Vision, Low Visually Impaired Persons etiology rehabilitation epidemiology etiology rehabilitation |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | complications epidemiology complications complications complications epidemiology statistics & numerical data |
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Pattern of eye diseases and visual impairment among students in southwestern Nigeria.
(2007)
Journal - International ophthalmology (Netherlands )
Abstract :
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and causes of eye diseases and visual impairment in students in the Ilesa East local government area of Osun state, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey that utilised a multistage random sampling method to select 1,144 primary and secondary school students. RESULTS: A total of 1,144 students (504 males and 640 females) were involved in the study. Their ages ranged from 4 to 24 years. The majority (97.8%) of them were below 18 years of age. A total of 177 (15.5%) of the school children were found to have eye diseases. The major ocular disorders were in the following order: conjunctiva 91 (51.4%), refractive error 66 (37.3%), lid 7 (4.0%), corneal, including staphyloma and keratoconus 5 (2.8%) and then others. These included conjunctival diseases 91 (8%) constituted mainly by allergic/vernal conjunctivitis 85 (7.4%), refractive error 66 (5.8%), lid disorders 6 (0.6%), squint 3 (0.3%), corneal scarring 3 (0.3%) and cataract 2 (0.2%). A total of 15 students were visually impaired, with a prevalence of 1.26%. Only two students were blind, with a prevalence of 0.17%. Causes of visual impairment were refractive error 10 (0.87%), bilateral immature cataract 1 (0.08%), corneal opacities 2 (0.2%), amblyopia leading to squint 1 (0.08%) and cataract 1 (0.08%). The causes of blindness in students were bilateral corneal scars presumed to be due to vitamin A deficiency in one (0.08%) student and complicated bilateral keratoconus with complicated vernal ulcers in another (0.08%). CONCLUSIONS: Eye diseases are common amongst Nigerian students. Eye examination for all new intakes and regular screening in both public and private primary and secondary schools is advocated. Wearing of corrective glasses should be emphasised for children with refractive error. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in children attending regular schools in Nigeria were avoidable.
| ISSN : | 0165-5701 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adolescent Adult Amblyopia Cataract Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Demography Eye Diseases Female Humans Male Nigeria Prevalence Refractive Errors Vision Disorders complications complications epidemiology complications etiology |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | epidemiology epidemiology |
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Clinicopathologic, ophthalmic, visual profiles and management of mucoceles in blacks.
(2006)
Journal - Journal of the National Medical Association (United States )
Abstract :
The study aimed at finding out the clinicopathologic, ophthalmic and visual profiles, management and outcome of mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses in Nigerians. The study was a retrospective review of 20 cases of mucoceles who presented to the ENT clinic and referred to the eye clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. These included nine males and 11 females with a male:female ratio of approximately 1:1. Mucoceles commonly involved more than one sinus on the same side. The sinuses commonly involved were the frontoethmoidal sinuses, frontal sinus and maxillary sinuses. The preoperative visual acuity in 16 (80%) patients was 6/4-6/9, three (15%) had between 6/9-6/18, and one (5%) patient was CF ("count fingers") in the affected eyes. The majority (90%) of our patients presented with multiple ophthalmic features; however, proptosis was the most popular and ophthalmic presentation and occurred in 15 (75%) patients. Proptosis was nonaxial in all cases with inferior, lateral or inferolateral displacement. Degree of proptosis ranged from 1-20 mm. Other presentations were squint (leading to diplopia) observed in one (5%) patient and epiphora in another [one (5%)] patient. Poor vision appeared to be the main problem in one (5%) patient, while in another [one (5%)] patient, the affected eye was completely immobilized. One (5%) patient presented with orbital cellulitis. Common radiological findings included classical expansive appearance with loss of the normal scalloping appearance with dehiscence of the wall of the affected sinus as was observed in nine (45%) of our patients. All 20 patients had excision of mucoceles (frontoethmoidectomies). At surgery, 11 (55%) patients had a combination of dehiscence of medial and/or posterior walls, and/or floor of the orbit. Materials evacuated were mucopurulent in 15 (75%) cases, moldy in three (15%) and cheesy in two (10%). Nine (45%) patients had intact walls. Three (15%) patients developed orbital cellulitis as postoperative complication. Postoperatively, proptosis regressed spontaneously within one week of surgery in 17 (85%) patients. By six weeks, all the patients had a complete regression of proptosis and visual acuity returned to preoperative visual acuity level except the patient with preoperative visual acuity of CF. This patient later deteriorated and became NPL (no perception of light) in the affected eye. This was a peculiar case in that operative findings in this patient were suggestive of another coexisting pathology, which was later confirmed to be a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the orbit. After two months, only three (15%) reported back for follow-up. The study concluded that proptosis is a common feature of mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses and that visual affectation was rather uncommon. Also whilst mucopurulent materials formed the content of most mucoceles, surgical intervention caused proptosis to regress dramatically. However, due to the high default rate in our study, no categorical statement can be made about recurrence rate of these swellings.
| ISSN : | 0027-9684 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adolescent Adult Aged Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Male Middle Aged Mucocele Nigeria Paranasal Sinus Diseases Retrospective Studies Treatment Outcome Visual Acuity diagnosis pathology surgery epidemiology diagnosis pathology surgery |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | epidemiology epidemiology |
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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis and intestinal parasitic infestations in black children.
(2005)
Journal - Journal of the National Medical Association (United States )
Abstract :
The study aimed at finding out any association between vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and intestinal worm infestations in black children in Nigeria. This is a report of a case-control study of a total of 117 cases of VKC and 198 controls, who were newly presenting to two hospitals in Ibadan. The controls were comparable to the cases in many respects. While 67 (57%) of cases admitted to previous passage of worms, 59 (50.5%) children actually had parasitic infestations. Of these 59 children, 30 (51%) were due to roundworm, 12 (20%) to hookworm, 14 (24%) to protozoal infestation and others, e.g., tapeworms, 13 (5%). Among controls, 36.8% had parasitic infestation, out of which roundworms were responsible for 11.6%, hookworms 7.6%, protozoa 14.1% and others 3.5%. Children with VKC have almost twice (odds ratio = 1.68) the risk of having been infested by worms. Both older age in children and roundworm infestation were not independent risk factors for VKC. There was no significant association among all ages, sex, hookworm and other worms with VKC. Deworming may prove beneficial for children with VKC; however, more studies with appropriate design are required to prove this.
| ISSN : | 0027-9684 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adolescent African Continental Ancestry Group Age Distribution Ancylostoma Ancylostomiasis Animals Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Comorbidity Conjunctivitis, Allergic Feces Female Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Male Nigeria Risk Factors Sex Distribution isolation & purification epidemiology parasitology epidemiology parasitology isolation & purification parasitology epidemiology |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | statistics & numerical data ethnology ethnology |
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Retinoblastoma presenting with a cheek mass.
(2005)
Journal - Journal of the National Medical Association (United States )
Abstract :
This is a report of a case of retinoblastoma that mimicked Burkitt's lymphoma by presenting with a left proptosis and a right cheek mass. With the aid of fine-needle aspiration cytology, the diagnosis was established as retinoblasstoma and a left modified exenteration was performed. The patient had adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the left orbit and the right maxilla with regression. At 12 months postoperatively, there was no evidence of recurrence, and the patient was still hale and hearty. In conclusion, this patient had left retinoblastoma with metastasis to the contralateral jaw. It is important to note that orbital Burkitt's lymphoma can be a differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma.
| ISSN : | 0027-9684 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols Cheek Child, Preschool Exophthalmos Facial Neoplasms Humans Male Orbit Evisceration Radiotherapy Retinal Neoplasms Retinoblastoma Treatment Outcome therapeutic use etiology complications therapy methods complications therapy complications therapy |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | diagnosis diagnosis diagnosis |
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Prevalence of atopic diseases in Nigerian children with vernal kerato-conjunctivitis.
(2003)
Journal - West African journal of medicine (Nigeria )
Abstract :
A descriptive study of 117 cases of vernal kerato-conjunctivitis (VKC), in children below the age of 18 years, newly presenting to 2 hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria. All the children had a structured questionnaire administered to them which inquired about demographic and clinical, especially history or presence of other atopic diseases amongst other things. Specifically inquired about were asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis or hay fever, allergic skin rash e.g. scabies, reaction to drugs and others. The children were also examined to confirm or detect the presence of these atopic diseases. The overall prevalence of atopic conditions was 19.8% amongst cases of VKC. These comprised of 6% asthma, 5% allergic rhinitis and 4.3% eczema. (Total 15.5%). Other forms of atopic conditions like other non-specific allergic skin reactions (0.9%), reaction to certain drugs e.g. chloroguine (0.9%) and other unknown allergic conditions (2.6%). It is suggested that children with VKC should be subjecteed to detailed enquiry and examination with regards to the presence of other atopic conditions. This will go a long way in understanding the type(s) of allergic response involved and perhaps of management of VKC.
| ISSN : | 0189-160X |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Conjunctivitis, Allergic Female Humans Hypersensitivity, Immediate Infant Infant, Newborn Male Nigeria Prevalence epidemiology |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | complications epidemiology complications epidemiology |
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Conjunctival impression cytology and biochemical assessment of vitamin A status in Nigerian children.
(2002)
Journal - Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria (Nigeria )
Abstract :
The study was part of a national survey designed as cross-sectional population survey to estimate the prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency in Nigeria. A multistage cluster random sampling technique was used to select about 163 children between 6 and 71 months of age in 2 health zones of Nigeria, for assessment of their vitamin A status. Conjunctival Impression Cytology (CIC) was compared with biochemical method by estimating serum level of vitamin A using the reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Conjunctival impressions were taken from both temporal bulbar conjunctivae of 483 children using the disc applicator. CIC showed significant association with low serum retinol (0.70 umol/l) levels. Children with abnormal CIC had 2.6 times the risk of having low serum retinol levels compared with those with normal CIC (OR = 2.6, 95% C.I = 1.03-6.67). When CIC was classified as normal and abnormal at cut off points of retinol at 0.70 and 0.35 umol/l, the sensitivity of CIC remained low, while the specificity remained high. Although our study did not demonstrate valuable use of CIC as a screening tool under field conditions in a tropical environment like Nigeria, our impression is that, if the technique is further refined and evaluated, there is a high potential for its use in developing countries, because of its simplicity, practicability and non-invasiveness.
| ISSN : | 1115-2613 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Child Child, Preschool Conjunctiva Humans Infant Nigeria Vitamin A Vitamin A Deficiency diagnosis |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | pathology blood blood pathology |
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Childhood eye diseases in Ibadan.
(1995)
Journal - African journal of medicine and medical sciences (NIGERIA )
Abstract :
Eye diseases in 1028 children below 15 years of age, seen at the Eye clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria were studied. Refractive error, vernal conjunctivitis, measles keratitis associated with malnutrition and those referrable to injuries were leading causes of eye problems amongst children. Diseases of ocular adnexa (excluding orbital cellulitis) squints, glaucoma, uveitis and trachoma were rare.
| ISSN : | 0309-3913 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adolescent Age Distribution Child Child, Preschool Eye Diseases Female Hospitals, University Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Nigeria Population Surveillance Sex Distribution diagnosis etiology epidemiology |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | epidemiology |
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Aneurysm of the vein of Galen presenting with proptosis.
(1995)
Journal - African journal of medicine and medical sciences (NIGERIA )
Abstract :
A case of proptosis, arterio-venous malformation and aneurysm of the Vein of Galen in a 12 year old schoolboy is presented. This is in addition to the literature of the rare aneurysm involving the Great Vein of Galen. This is the first time this syndrome will be described in association with ophthalmic presentation. It is however remarkable that with such a huge sized aneurysm and A-V malformation, the patient did not have any other neurological deficit except visual field loss. Perhaps the previous series had undetectable visual field loss which was missed as patients might not have complained of visual symptoms.
| ISSN : | 0309-3913 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Aneurysm Cerebral Angiography Child Exophthalmos Humans Male radiography |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | Cerebral Veins complications etiology |
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Clinicopathologic, ophthalmic, visual profiles and management of mucoceles in blacks.
(2006)
Journal - Journal of the National Medical Association
Abstract :
The study aimed at finding out the clinicopathologic, ophthalmic and visual profiles, management and outcome of mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses in Nigerians. The study was a retrospective review of 20 cases of mucoceles who presented to the ENT clinic and referred to the eye clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. These included nine males and 11 females with a male:female ratio of approximately 1:1. Mucoceles commonly involved more than one sinus on the same side. The sinuses commonly involved were the frontoethmoidal sinuses, frontal sinus and maxillary sinuses. The preoperative visual acuity in 16 (80%) patients was 6/4-6/9, three (15%) had between 6/9-6/18, and one (5%) patient was CF ("count fingers") in the affected eyes. The majority (90%) of our patients presented with multiple ophthalmic features; however, proptosis was the most popular and ophthalmic presentation and occurred in 15 (75%) patients. Proptosis was nonaxial in all cases with inferior, lateral or inferolateral displacement. Degree of proptosis ranged from 1-20 mm. Other presentations were squint (leading to diplopia) observed in one (5%) patient and epiphora in another [one (5%)] patient. Poor vision appeared to be the main problem in one (5%) patient, while in another [one (5%)] patient, the affected eye was completely immobilized. One (5%) patient presented with orbital cellulitis. Common radiological findings included classical expansive appearance with loss of the normal scalloping appearance with dehiscence of the wall of the affected sinus as was observed in nine (45%) of our patients. All 20 patients had excision of mucoceles (frontoethmoidectomies). At surgery, 11 (55%) patients had a combination of dehiscence of medial and/or posterior walls, and/or floor of the orbit. Materials evacuated were mucopurulent in 15 (75%) cases, moldy in three (15%) and cheesy in two (10%). Nine (45%) patients had intact walls. Three (15%) patients developed orbital cellulitis as postoperative complication. Postoperatively, proptosis regressed spontaneously within one week of surgery in 17 (85%) patients. By six weeks, all the patients had a complete regression of proptosis and visual acuity returned to preoperative visual acuity level except the patient with preoperative visual acuity of CF. This patient later deteriorated and became NPL (no perception of light) in the affected eye. This was a peculiar case in that operative findings in this patient were suggestive of another coexisting pathology, which was later confirmed to be a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the orbit. After two months, only three (15%) reported back for follow-up. The study concluded that proptosis is a common feature of mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses and that visual affectation was rather uncommon. Also whilst mucopurulent materials formed the content of most mucoceles, surgical intervention caused proptosis to regress dramatically. However, due to the high default rate in our study, no categorical statement can be made about recurrence rate of these swellings.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2
Retinoblastoma presenting with a cheek mass.
(2005)
Journal - Journal of the National Medical Association
Abstract :
This is a report of a case of retinoblastoma that mimicked Burkitt's lymphoma by presenting with a left proptosis and a right cheek mass. With the aid of fine-needle aspiration cytology, the diagnosis was established as retinoblasstoma and a left modified exenteration was performed. The patient had adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the left orbit and the right maxilla with regression. At 12 months postoperatively, there was no evidence of recurrence, and the patient was still hale and hearty. In conclusion, this patient had left retinoblastoma with metastasis to the contralateral jaw. It is important to note that orbital Burkitt's lymphoma can be a differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis and intestinal parasitic infestations in black children.
(2005)
Journal - Journal of the National Medical Association
Abstract :
The study aimed at finding out any association between vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and intestinal worm infestations in black children in Nigeria. This is a report of a case-control study of a total of 117 cases of VKC and 198 controls, who were newly presenting to two hospitals in Ibadan. The controls were comparable to the cases in many respects. While 67 (57%) of cases admitted to previous passage of worms, 59 (50.5%) children actually had parasitic infestations. Of these 59 children, 30 (51%) were due to roundworm, 12 (20%) to hookworm, 14 (24%) to protozoal infestation and others, e.g., tapeworms, 13 (5%). Among controls, 36.8% had parasitic infestation, out of which roundworms were responsible for 11.6%, hookworms 7.6%, protozoa 14.1% and others 3.5%. Children with VKC have almost twice (odds ratio = 1.68) the risk of having been infested by worms. Both older age in children and roundworm infestation were not independent risk factors for VKC. There was no significant association among all ages, sex, hookworm and other worms with VKC. Deworming may prove beneficial for children with VKC; however, more studies with appropriate design are required to prove this.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2