The lip: a histologic and analytical approach of relevance to esthetic plastic surgery.
(2009)
Journal - The Journal of craniofacial surgery (United States )
Abstract :
This is a study done for the first time to understand the histologic features of the lip deeply, quantitatively, and analytically and identify the differences between the outer, intermediate, and inner parts of the lips. Previous researchers did not tackle the histologic features of the lip from this point of view. Half lip was obtained from different well-preserved cadavers where the upper lip, lower lip, and lip angle were evaluated by coronal histologic sections. A total of 43 slides were studied and photographed using light and digital microscopes (Nikon COOLSCOPE, Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), respectively. The cadavers (26 men and 17 women) were in the age group of 45 to 65 years old, and older than 65 years. Data were entered on a study pro forma and statistically analyzed. Normal histologic features of the upper lip, intermediate, and the inner lip sections were observed. Fibrous septations that sometimes had muscular components inserting into them could be identified. In between these septations, there were loose areas (chambers). The mean numbers of chambers identified in the upper and lower lips were higher in the red areas, and more septations and chambers were identified in the lower lip. New histologic observations were classified into types 1 to 7. Significant relations were identified between the total number of septations and chambers in relation to age group and sex. Higher means of septations and chambers were detected in the age group older than 65 years, and in women as a whole. In conclusion, the findings detected in this work could explain the congenital lip pits that are familial or syndromic and many post-lip augmentation complications.
| ISSN : | 1536-3732 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Age Factors Aged Cadaver Coloring Agents Connective Tissue Epithelium Esthetics Facial Muscles Female Fluorescent Dyes Hair Follicle Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Lip Male Microtomy Middle Aged Mouth Mucosa Photography Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Sebaceous Glands Sex Factors Skin diagnostic use anatomy & histology anatomy & histology anatomy & histology diagnostic use anatomy & histology surgery anatomy & histology methods anatomy & histology anatomy & histology |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | anatomy & histology |
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Ultrathin oblique volar-to-dorsal reverse turnover radial artery perforator-based adipofascial flap: a new surgical strategy for reconstructing a complex dorsal hand tissue defect.
(2009)
Journal - The Journal of craniofacial surgery (United States )
Abstract :
BACKGROUND: Adipofascial flaps used in reconstruction of various tissue defects have been described by many authors and have several advantages. METHODS: A clinical report of an extensive dorsal hand traumatic soft tissue injury where a new ultrathin oblique volar-to-dorsal adipofascial reverse turnover flap based on radial artery distal perforators is presented. Its width-to-length ratio was 1:4 (the longest ever reported), designed to cover primary free tendon grafts and exposed metacarpal bones. RESULTS: The technique has provided very good hand function and cosmetic outcome, minimum donor site morbidity, shortened rehabilitation, and no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Adipofascial flaps constitute a functional and an aesthetic refinement in the reconstructive surgical techniques managing complex tissue defects of the dorsum of the hand, a new surgical strategy reported here.
Anatomic dissection of the arterial supply of the lips: an anatomical and analytical approach.
(2008)
Journal - The Journal of craniofacial surgery (United States )
Abstract :
Previous investigators have not described some of the new anatomic variations or provided quantitative and analytical data of the arterial anatomy of the lips in as much depth as in this study. Dissections of 14 different facial sides of cadavers were done. Through investigating the arterial supply of the upper and lower lips, measurements were performed and statistically analyzed. The main arterial supply of the upper lip was from the superior labial artery (SLA, mean external diameter, 1.8 mm [SD, 0.74 mm]); in addition, the subalar and septal branches contributed to its vascularization. The origin of the SLA was above the labial commissure in 78.6%. The subalar branch was not found but replaced by the alar artery that arose from the infraorbital artery in 1 specimen. The main arterial supply of the lower lip was derived from 3 branches of the facial artery, the inferior labial artery (mean external diameters, 1.4 mm [SD, 0.31 mm]) and the horizontal and vertical labiomental arteries. The inferior labial artery originated mostly below the labial commissure in 42.9% and formed a common trunk with the SLA in 28.6%. The horizontal labiomental artery was present in all, but vertical labiomental artery was absent in 21.4% of specimens. Overall, observed anatomic variations were classified into types I to VIII. Significant relations between the demographic variables and measured parameters were reported including the correlation coefficient among evaluated parameters. In conclusion, this study provides various information that aids in creating new flaps and supports the vascular base for clinical procedures in reconstructive surgery of the lip.
| ISSN : | 1049-2275 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Aged Arteries Cadaver Female Humans Lip Male Middle Aged Oral Surgical Procedures Surgical Flaps anatomy & histology blood supply |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | blood supply surgery |
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An Anatomical and Analytical Study of the Modiolus: Enlightening Its Relevance to Plastic Surgery.
(2008)
Journal - Aesthetic plastic surgery
Abstract :
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the structures, muscles, and fasciae of which the modiolus is composed. It can aid in the understanding and, therefore, the utilization of plastic surgery for the aesthetic or reconstructive treatment of that region, especially the angle of the mouth. METHODS: Dissections of the midface were done on five different cadavers. They were of different races (3 males, 2 females). The anatomy of the modiolus was studied in detail. New anatomical observations were classified as type I through type VI. RESULTS: The perifacial artery fascia contributed to the modiolus in four (80%) specimens and was not part of it in 1 (20%) specimen. The facial artery was anterior to it in one (20%) specimen, lateral in four (80%) specimens, and never medial to it. No significant relationship was observed between the perifacial artery fascia contribution to the modiolus and gender or race. Also, the location of the facial artery lateral or anterior to the modiolus was not significantly related to gender or race. In addition, the deep and superficial fasciae of the face converged not anterior to the masseter muscle but actually at the modiolus, which was different from observations made by others. CONCLUSION: The modiolus is of critical importance in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery of the face.