Effects of parental occupational exposure to lead and other metals on spontaneous abortion.
(1996)
Journal - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (UNITED STATES )
Abstract :
The aim of this article was to summarize the epidemiologic studies on the possible impact of parental occupational exposure to lead or other metals on spontaneous abortion. For paternal exposure, the total number of abortions in the studies with adequate exposure contrast were 340 for lead, 240 for mercury, and 90 for unspecified metals and, correspondingly, for maternal exposure, about 80 for lead, 80 for mercury, 70 for nickel, and 130 for exposure to unspecified metals. Epidemiologic studies indicate that paternal exposure to lead or mercury might be associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion. For maternal exposure, no clear conclusion could be reached. In particular, paternal occupational exposure levels to metals were substantial compared with population values. Even though there are shortcomings in the present knowledge, protective goals for paternal exposure to lead and mercury are warranted. More well-designed studies on metals are needed.
| ISSN : | 1076-2752 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Abortion, Spontaneous Epidemiologic Methods Female Humans Incidence Lead Male Maternal Exposure Mercury Metals Nickel Occupational Exposure Paternal Exposure Pregnancy Reference Values Risk Factors Sex Factors etiology adverse effects statistics & numerical data adverse effects adverse effects statistics & numerical data |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | epidemiology adverse effects adverse effects adverse effects adverse effects |
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Risk of nervous system cancer among workers exposed to lead.
(1996)
Journal - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (UNITED STATES )
Abstract :
Experimental animal studies suggest that lead compounds may increase the risk of gliomas. To study whether occupational exposure to lead increases the risk, we followed nervous system cancer incidence among 20,741 employees biologically monitored for their blood lead (B-Pb) concentrations. We also performed a nested case-referent study, comprising 26 male cases of nervous system cancer (16 of which had gliomas). Those cases a B-Pb > or = 1.4 mumol/L had a twofold increase in the odds ratio of nervous system cancer as compared with those employees whose B-Pb had not exceeded 0.7 mumol/L. The excess was confined to gliomas (odds ratio 11, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 630 for B-Pb > or = 1.4 mumol/L; overall P value for trend, 0.037). We obtained lifetime information on exposure and potential confounders for 58% of the cases. The odds ratio of glioma was associated with indices of lifetime exposure to lead, and potential confounders seemed not to explain the effects. The results suggest that there may be an association between occupational lead exposure and the risk of gliomas. No firm conclusions can be drawn because of the small number of cases and loss of material.
| ISSN : | 1076-2752 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adult Aged Brain Neoplasms Cohort Studies Confidence Intervals Cross-Sectional Studies Environmental Monitoring Female Finland Glioma Humans Incidence Lead Lead Poisoning Male Middle Aged Occupational Exposure Odds Ratio Risk blood epidemiology epidemiology blood epidemiology pharmacokinetics blood epidemiology |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | chemically induced chemically induced adverse effects complications adverse effects |
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Excess lung cancer among workers exposed to lead.
(1996)
Journal - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health (FINLAND )
Abstract :
OBJECTIVE: Studies on experimental animals suggest that inorganic lead is a carcinogen. The purpose of the study was to examine whether occupational exposure to lead increases the risk of cancer. METHODS: The study population comprised 20,700 workers who had been biologically monitored for their blood lead (B-Pb) concentrations during 1973-1983. The mortality and cancer incidence rates were followed among the monitored workers and compared with those of the Finnish general population. An internal comparison of the cancer incidence rates was also done between subcohorts formed according to individual B-Pb levels. Questionnaire-based information was also collected on lifetime occupational history and potential confounders, and exposure history was assessed on an individual basis with a nested case-referent design for lung cancer. RESULTS: The internal comparison within the cohort showed a 1.4-fold increase in the overall cancer incidence and a 1.8-fold increase in the incidence of lung cancer among those who had ever had a blood lead level of > or = 1.0 mumol.l-1. In the case-referent study, an increased odds ratio for lung cancer was found for concomitant exposure to lead and engine exhaust. The odds ratio for squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung was increased even when the blood lead level had been slightly elevated. Bias or confounding did not explain the risks. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that exposure to lead increases the risk of lung cancer. Co-exposure to engine exhaust and lead may be associated with the risk.
| ISSN : | 0355-3140 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adult Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Female Finland Humans Lead Lung Neoplasms Male Metallurgy Occupational Diseases epidemiology epidemiology statistics & numerical data epidemiology |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | adverse effects etiology etiology |
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Cancer incidence among Finnish workers exposed to halogenated hydrocarbons.
(1995)
Journal - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (UNITED STATES )
Abstract :
Epidemiologic studies and long-term carcinogenicity studies in experimental animals suggest that some halogenated hydrocarbons are carcinogenic. To investigate whether exposure to trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, or 1,1,1-trichloroethane increases carcinogenic risk, a cohort of 2050 male and 1924 female workers monitored for occupational exposure to these agents was followed up for cancer incidence in 1967 to 1992. The overall cancer incidence within the cohort was similar to that of the Finnish population. There was an excess of cancers of the cervix uteri and lymphohematopoietic tissues, however. Excess of pancreatic cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was seen after 10 years from the first personal measurement. Among those exposed to trichloroethylene, the overall cancer incidence was increased for a follow-up period of more than 20 years. There was an excess of cancers of the stomach, liver, prostate, and lymphohematopoietic tissues combined. Workers exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane had increased risk of multiple myeloma and cancer of the nervous system. The study provides support to the hypothesis that trichloroethylene and other halogenated hydrocarbons are carcinogenic for the liver and lymphohematopoietic tissues, especially for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The study also documents excess of cancers of the stomach, pancreas, cervix uteri, prostate, and the nervous system among workers exposed to solvents.
| ISSN : | 1076-2752 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Adult Cohort Studies Female Finland Humans Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Incidence Male Middle Aged Neoplasms Occupational Diseases epidemiology chemically induced mortality chemically induced mortality |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | adverse effects epidemiology epidemiology |
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Carcinogenic chemicals in the occupational environment.
(1993)
Journal - Pharmacology & toxicology (DENMARK )
Abstract :
A survey of occupational carcinogens by the Institute of Occupational Health, Finland shows that more than 100,000 workers are exposed to carcinogenic substances. The most common exposures are silica, wood dust, tobacco smoke and lead compounds. Based on biological monitoring of workers over the years it appears that overall lead exposure has decreased but exposure to styrene, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene has decreased only slightly or remained constant. The biological monitoring data are based on samples sent by the workplaces on their initiative presenting no scientifically selected sampling. Thus due caution is needed in the interpretation of the trends.
| ISSN : | 0901-9928 |
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| Mesh Heading : | Carcinogens, Environmental Finland Humans Neoplasms Occupational Exposure epidemiology epidemiology |
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| Mesh Heading Relevant : | toxicity chemically induced adverse effects |
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