Semuloparin for thromboprophylaxis in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer.
(2012)
Journal - The New England journal of medicine (United States )
Abstract :
Patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism. Limited data support the clinical benefit of antithrombotic prophylaxis.In this double-blind, multicenter trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the ultra-low-molecular-weight heparin semuloparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Patients with metastatic or locally advanced solid tumors who were beginning to receive a course of chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous semuloparin, 20 mg once daily, or placebo until there was a change of chemotherapy regimen. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of any symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis, any nonfatal pulmonary embolism, and death related to venous thromboembolism. Clinically relevant bleeding (major and nonmajor) was the main safety outcome.The median treatment duration was 3.5 months. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 20 of 1608 patients (1.2%) receiving semuloparin, as compared with 55 of 1604 (3.4%) receiving placebo (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.60; P<0.001), with consistent efficacy among subgroups defined according to the origin and stage of cancer and the baseline risk of venous thromboembolism. The incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 2.8% and 2.0% in the semuloparin and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.89 to 2.21). Major bleeding occurred in 19 of 1589 patients (1.2%) receiving semuloparin and 18 of 1583 (1.1%) receiving placebo (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.99). Incidences of all other adverse events were similar in the two study groups.Semuloparin reduces the incidence of thromboembolic events in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer, with no apparent increase in major bleeding. (Funded by Sanofi; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00694382.).
Nadroparin for the prevention of thromboembolic events in ambulatory patients with metastatic or locally advanced solid cancer receiving chemotherapy: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
(2009)
Journal - The lancet oncology
Abstract :
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are needed to assess the clinical benefit of antithrombotic prophylaxis in patients with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy, since these patients are at an increased risk of developing a thromboembolism. We did a trial to assess the clinical benefit of the low-molecular-weight heparin nadroparin for the prophylaxis of thromboembolic events in ambulatory patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic or locally advanced solid cancer. METHODS: Between October, 2003, and May, 2007, ambulatory patients with lung, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, or head and neck cancer were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive subcutaneous injections of nadroparin (3800 IU anti-Xa once a day, n=779) or placebo (n=387), in a 2:1 ratio. Study treatment was given for the duration of chemotherapy up to a maximum of 4 months. The primary study outcome was the composite of symptomatic venous or arterial thromboembolic events, as assessed by an independent adjudication committee. All randomised patients who received at least one dose of study treatment were included in the efficacy and safety analyses (modified intention-to-treat population). The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 00951574. FINDINGS: 1150 patients were included in the primary efficacy and safety analyses: 769 patients in the nadroparin group and 381 patients in the placebo group. 15 (2.0%) of 769 patients treated with nadroparin and 15 (3.9%) of 381 patients treated with placebo had a thromboembolic event (single-sided p=0.02). Five (0.7%) of 769 patients in the nadroparin group and no patients in the placebo group had a major bleeding event (two-sided p=0.18). The incidences of minor bleeding were 7.4% (57 of 769) with nadroparin and 7.9% (30 of 381) with placebo. There were 121 (15.7%) serious adverse events in the nadroparin goup and 67 (17.6%) serious adverse events in the placebo group. INTERPRETATION: Nadroparin reduces the incidence of thromboembolic events in ambulatory patients with metastatic or locally advanced cancer who are receiving chemotherapy. Future studies should focus on patients who are at a high risk for thromboembolic events. FUNDING: Italfarmaco SpA, Milan, Italy.
A dose-ranging study evaluating once-daily oral administration of the factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban in the treatment of patients with acute symptomatic deep vein thrombosis: the Einstein–DVT Dose-Ranging Study
(2008)
Journal - Blood
Abstract :
We performed a randomized dose-ranging study, double-blind forrivaroxaban doses and open-label for the comparator (low-molecular-weightheparin followed by vitamin K antagonists) to assess the optimaldose of rivaroxaban for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.A total of 543 patients with acute deep-venous thrombosis receivedrivaroxaban 20, 30, or 40 mg once daily or comparator. Treatmentlasted for 84 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the 3-monthincidence of the composite of symptomatic venous thromboemboliccomplications and asymptomatic deterioration in thrombotic burdenas assessed by comparison of ultrasound and perfusion lung scanningat day 84 with baseline. The main safety outcome was the compositeof major bleeding and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding.A total of 449 (83%) of the 543 patients could be included inthe per-protocol population. The primary efficacy outcome occurredin 6.1%, 5.4%, and 6.6% of the rivaroxaban 20-, 30-, and 40-mgtreatment groups, respectively, and in 9.9% of those receivingstandard therapy. The main safety outcome occurred in 5.9%,6.0%, and 2.2% of the rivaroxaban 20-, 30-, and 40-mg treatmentgroups, respectively, and in 8.8% of those receiving standardtherapy. These results with simple fixed-dose oral regimensjustify phase 3 evaluations (www.ClinicalTrials.gov no.NCT00395772[ClinicalTrials.gov]).