Journal - Italian journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (ITALY )

Abstract :

AIMS: To investigate the incidence, risk factors and natural history of gallstone disease, a random sample of females belonging to a rural population was enrolled in a ten-year longitudinal study. METHODS: The study has been performed in a small town on the hills south of Rome. In 1985, a random sample of 426 females, aged 20-69 years, was screened by real-time ultrasonography for gallstones and previous cholecystectomy. Screening methods included anthropometry, collection of a blood sample and a questionnaire on the occurrence of abdominal symptoms. During 1995, all these subjects were invited for a 10-year follow-up examination. RESULTS: The overall 10-year incidence of gallstone disease was 6.3% (5.5% of new gallstones and 0.8% of cholecystectomies). Only 23.1% of the women with gallstones were aware of their condition. More than three quarters (76.9%) had not suffered biliary pain. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated a positive independent association of new gallstone disease with body mass index and parity. Out of the initially asymptomatic gallstone women, 15.4% experienced at least one episode of biliary pain, 23.1% were submitted to elective cholecystectomy and 61.5% remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates a high incidence of gallstone disease in women belonging to a rural free-living population in Italy and suggests body mass index and parity as possible true risk factors. Moreover, it confirms that a remarkable proportion of asymptomatic patients become symptomatic and eventually undergo cholecystectomy.

Journal - Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunità (ITALY )

Journal - Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità (ITALY )

Abstract :

During the last few years new powerful diagnostic methods have been developed in the field of molecular and cell biology. It is now possible to work out the molecular pathology of many genetic diseases and to institute new techniques for the detection of carriers and neonatal diagnosis. However, it is in the field of polygenic diseases such as degenerative vascular disease, diabetes, cancer and other chronic diseases that molecular biology will play its most important part and perhaps change in the long term our clinical approach. There is considerable debate among geneticists on the safest strategy for obtaining and long term storing sufficient DNA from an individual for projects requiring large but unknown amounts of DNA. As little as 0.5 ml whole, blood samples (or white cells) which have been frozen with 10% DMSO or anticoagulants will provide sufficient DNA by direct extraction methods and also permit to establish lymphoblastoid cell lines providing an infinite source of DNA.

Journal - Epidemiologia e prevenzione (ITALY )

Journal - Public health (ENGLAND )

Abstract :

A school-based nutrition education programme aimed at the control of coronary risk factor rise during childhood was started in 1983 for 150 boys and girls aged 6-7 years. The study was performed in a rural area of central Italy, where adult obesity represents a major health problem. Preventive treatment was based on general health education in schools towards healthy lifestyles. Nutritional intervention was mainly focused on the adoption of the 'prudent diet'. School-teachers received specific training on how to teach 'good nutrition'. The nutrition curriculum was taught by teachers throughout the school year. Several meetings were organised to actively involve the children's parents. Practical recommendations for changes in food selection and preparation were also given. After a five-year follow up, a strong 'tracking phenomenon' for body mass index was observed, suggesting a great stability over time of lifestyles and dietary habits leading to the development of obesity during childhood. We conclude that a school-delivered programme of general nutrition education for the control of risk factors does not appear to be able to control child obesity.

Journal - Diabetes research and clinical practice (NETHERLANDS )